Recognition and respect in the one-policy framework

What does it mean when nations speak of the One-Policy? Why has it remained a cornerstone of international relations for half a century?

The framework often referred to as the One China Policy rests on two guiding principles: recognition of a sole legitimate government, and respect for the principle of non-interference in domestic affairs. In the Philippines, this principle was affirmed in 1975 during the time of President Ferdinand E. Marcos Sr., setting the tone for a long-standing diplomatic approach rooted in peace and stability. For a country geographically close to the Taiwan Strait, adherence to this framework is not just a matter of foreign policy but also of safeguarding national security and the welfare of Filipinos abroad.

Here are five key points that explain its enduring importance:

1. A historical foundation for peace

The Philippines formally recognized the People’s Republic of China in 1975 through a Joint Communiqué. This step, initiated under President Marcos Sr., affirmed that Taiwan is part of Chinese territory. It was a move anchored on peace and stability, ensuring that Manila aligned its diplomacy with principles respected by much of the international community.

2. Taiwan as a province, not a state

The policy emphasizes that Taiwan is not recognized as a sovereign state but as a province of China. While the Philippines maintains robust economic and cultural ties with Taiwan, these interactions are framed as functional, not political. This distinction reflects respect for China’s sovereignty while also acknowledging the contributions of nearly 200,000 Filipinos working in Taiwan.

3. Stewardship by the Department of Foreign Affairs

As noted in the Senate hearing on August 28, 2025, the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) continues to act as the “guardian and steward” of the One China Policy. Successive administrations have upheld this stance, allowing for trade, tourism, and investment cooperation while carefully avoiding political recognition. The policy may be strained when engagements extend beyond these areas—as in the August 2025 visit of Taiwanese official Lin Chia-lung. This shows how respect and recognition are maintained in practice when interactions remain within economic and functional limits.

4. Policy continuity across administrations

From the 1970s to the present, the policy has remained consistent, even as Philippine foreign policy adapted to new challenges. On January 23, 2024, President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr. reaffirmed this position, stating that “The One-China policy remains in place. We have adhered to the One-China policy strictly and conscientiously since we adopted it… We are not endorsing Taiwanese independence. Taiwan is a province of China.” According to Marcos Jr., this principle remains central to Philippine diplomacy, reflecting continuity with his father’s decision in 1975 while prioritizing dialogue and non-interference.

5. A safeguard in times of tension

The Philippines’ adherence to this principle also functions as a shield against conflict. With rising tensions in the Taiwan Strait, Manila underscores its commitment to peace by calling for dialogue, restraint, and the safety of Filipinos abroad. As DFA officials stressed, questions of sovereignty across the Strait are left to the Chinese people to resolve, reflecting both recognition and respect for internal affairs.

One of the most sincere forms of respect is actually listening to what another has to say. --Bryant H. McGill

Let’s find out more about why recognition and respect in diplomacy matter now more than ever. Follow me on Facebook: Neil Gregori Garen.